Electric controlling apparatus



Patented May 23, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HABOUTIUN K. KOUYOUMJ'IAN, OIF PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND, SSIGNOR T0 'WERD LEONARD ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION 0F NEW YORK ELECTRIC CONTROLLING APPARATUS Application led September 10, 1980.. Serial No. 480,847.

This invention relates to an improved form of construction and method of obtaining a refinement in adjustment of the windings vin electric controlling apparatus, and pa thereon.

In such type of apparatus where accurate results as to the value of the output voltage is required, itmay frequently occur, even in duplications of prior apparatus, that the output voltagewill be somewhat higher, or lower, than that desired. In such a case where a core type of apparatus is used, the secondary, or output,` winding can be changed by the amount of about one turn, and in the shell type by the amount of one-half turn. Such changes may make too great a change in the desired output voltage. Where only one outputwinding is used, the required refined adjustment can be obtained by changing the turns of the primary, or exciting., winding in cases where the voltage is stepped down, because the change of one turn or cnehalf turn in the primary winding would have less effect upon the output voltage than would the change of one turn or half a turn in the output winding, But where there are two or more output windings, refined adjustment of the-primary exciting winding may take care of the desired output voltage for one winding, but not for the others. Therefore, some means in such cases, must be provided for individual refined adjustment of the different output windings.

The main object of this invention is to provide an improved method and means for refined adjustment of individual windings without materially affecting the others, and to do this in a simple manner which may be conveniently and economically accomplished in practice. Other objects and advantages of this invention will be understood by the following description and accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is a diagram of apparatus embodying this invention and showing one form of core in front elevation; Fig. 2 is a side View of the cor-e, although for simplicity, the windings are not indicated thereon, except the auxiliary turns for refined adjustment; and Fig. 3 is a diagram of another embodiment of my invention showing in front eleyatiop a different form of core from that of Referring to Fig. l, the laminated iron or steel core is shown having four legs 1, la, 1b and 1c, which are joined at their upper and lower ends by cross-pieces 2, 2c. Ordinarily, the cross-sections of the different parts out the core will be the same, although in some cases, for particular purposes the cross-sections of the different parts may be modified relatively to each other. The two inner legs carry a number of windings which are indicated diagrammatically, but it will be understood that the number of turns of the diiierent windings will be made such as the particular conditions require, and it will also be understood that 'the location of the windings may be Inodii'ied from that indicated, and that some of the windings instead ot being superimposed with reference to each other, may be located side by side, or may be more or less distributed or sandwiched with each other to meet particular conditions as regards requirements, cost ot manufacture, convenience of assembling, and the like.

The main, or primary, winding 3 is shown as enveloping both of the inner legs at their upper portions. Another winding 4 is shown enveloping the lower portion of the leg la and is cumulatively acting with reference 'to the winding 3 as regards the iux tending to be set up in the leg la. Another winding 5 is located on the lower portion of the leg 1b and is so wound and connected as to act in opposition to the winding 3, as regards magnetic flux tending to be set up in the'leg 1b. A secondary, or output, winding 6 is shown enveloping the lower portions of the legs 1a and 1b, and also enveloping the windings 4 and 5. The winding 6 is shown as supplying 5 and respectively supply translating devices the windings 4 and 5 being connected 7a and 7b.

The core as indicated in Fig. 2, has a s aced portion 1 which is separated from the main portion-thereof, in a plane parallel to the plane of the lamin by the gap'l and spaced from the main portion in a direction at right angles to the plane of the lamin. The portion 1 so spaced is built up of laminae and of the same form as the main portion of the core, but is ordinarily made comparatively thin with respect to the thickness of the main portion of the core.- Through bolts 8 are indicated at the corners of the core for holding the lamin together, and spacing tubes 8a may be provided von these bolts 8 for spacing the portion 1 of the core from the main portion. Of course,any other suitable means for holding the core together and for spacing a portion of the same therefrom ma be used. The outputpwinding 6 is indicate in Figs. 1 and 2'as including in series therewith one or more turns 9 which are passedy around the lower spaced portion of the core 1', being shown, for example, as

enveloping a cross end portion. Similarly, the output winding 6a is shown as having one or more turns 9a enveloping a side portion of the part 1 of the core, and also as having in series one or Amore similar turns 9a around the op osite side of the portion 1 of the core. ikewise, the output winding 6b is shown as having a few turns 9b around the right hand side portion of the spaced part of the core.

The alternating current source of energy1 10 supplies current to the windings describe 1n series with each other across -the supply lincs, and the primarywinding 3 being shown connected in parallel withthe winding 4 and in series with the winding 5 across the sup ly lines, or, more strictly stated, in series wit i a portion of the winding 5. The particular point in the winding 5 to which one terminal of the winding 3 is connected may be varied in order to obtain thel desired results. In some cases, the primary winding may be connected in series with all of the bucking winding 5, or it may be connected in series with it and in series with more or less of the winding 4. In some cases the primary winding may be connected directly across the line, and in parallel with the other two windings which may be in series with each other, or 'in some cases in parallel with each other.

The particular form of connection shown, however, is desirable in most cases, as it gives better operating results and permits the use of fewer turns in the bucking winding, than would otherwise be necessary. One particu lar advantage of this form ofconnection is watt-less current in the main winding. This, of course, results in improving the regula-l tion, because less watt-less current means less primary ampere turns and less flux which the buc lng winding must overcome. A further advantage results in permitting the bucking winding to be made with fewer turns. Another advantage results from the fact that by. reason ofthe core of the bucking winding belng less saturated than the core mary wndin an increase in the input voltage will pr uce a reater proportionate reactance drop on the ucking winding than on the primary winding. Thus, an increase in the input voltage produces a lesser increase on the primary wlnding than--would be the casel if the primary reactance increased proportionately to the buckin coil reactance. This lesser roportionate c ange of supply voltage in a ecting the primary winding requires a correspon ingly less amount of regulation in'giving the desired results.

The cross-section of the le 1a and number of ampere turns of the wingings enveloping this le are such that under normal condiof the pritions, t is core is workedA near or 'ust belowv the-knee of the saturation curve, though in some cases, for particular requirements, thisl i the straight part of the saturation curve, ac-

cording to the results desired.

' The operation in a general way may be understood by first assuming the supply voltage and output voltage to be at normal amounts and assuming a particular instant of the alternating current/waves such as to cause the flux to pass downwardly in the leg 1a, as caused by the cumulative action of the windings 3 and 4, and a downward passage of flux in the leg 1b, as caused by the-predominating action of the winding 3 over the bucking action due to the winding 5. It will, of course, be understood that the outer legs and the upper and lower cross-portions of the core serve -as return paths for the flux.

N ow aume that the supply voltage falls to an abnormally low amount. The decreased amount of excitation of the leg 1a, whether it be small or comparatively large in amount, will be offset by a corresponding increase in the amount of flux in the leg 1b,

owing to the fact that the bucking winding 5v this leg is operating on the straight part of the saturation ourve, there will be a resulting increase in the flux inthis leg. It will be appreciated, furthermore, that the-bucking winding is in series with the cumulatively acting Winding, and that upon change of voltage,`owing to the fact that the leg enclosed by the cumulative winding is near saturation, a larger proportionate change in the value of the current takes place in the cumulative and bucking windings than in the main winding. Thus, upon decrease of supply voltage, there is a proportionately greater decrease in value of the current in the bucking winding than in the main winding. Thus the change in flux to which the output winding 6 is subjected, is not materially changed with a decrease in the supply voltage and permits the output 'voltage to remain lsubstanially unchanged.v

Similarly, when the supply voltage increases, the increase in resultant flux in the leg 1a is offset b a corresponding decrease in the flux in the leg 1b, because lthe bucking winding then exerts increased buckingaction. This resultsin the fiux to which the output winding 6 is subjected remaining substantially the same and in not materially affecting the output voltage. j

It will be'understood that by properly proportioning the legs of the core and the number of turns of the different windings and variation of the point at which the primary winding is connected to the bucking winding, any desired result may be obtained. For eX- ample, an increase in supply voltage may be caused to deliver a decreased output voltagein greater or lesser amount, as desired, or the output voltage may be caused to increase with the increase of supply voltage to a small amount, or to a considerable amount, as desired, or the output voltage may be caused to remain constant over a lconsiderable range of variation in supply voltage, and then at a certain limit cause the output voltage to decrease. Thus any desired change in the output voltage may be caused to occur with change of the supply voltage by properly proportioning and relating the parts, although for most purposes, it will be desirable to obtain a substantially constant output'voltage regardless of variations in the supply voltage. The action of the controller is also such that it will maintain the voltage substantially constant, even when change in the frequency of the supply occurs; or, by suitably proportioning the parts, may cause the output voltage to change as desired upon change of frequency.

Now, as regards the auxiliary turns of the output windings which envelope portions of the part of the core spaced from the main part, it may, forexample, in the case of Fig. 1 be required that the output voltage of the winding 6 is to be 1.5 volts, that of the winding 6a 1.9 volts, and that of the winding 66 1.7 volts. A full turn, or a half turn of these output windings, added orlsubtracted, may be too much, or too little, to give these particular out ut voltages; and, obviously, adj ustment o the primary winding would affect all of the output windings alike, or substantially so. Thus, for the particular results desired, individual reined adjustment of the output windings becomes necessary. This is accomplished by adding a suitable number of turns 9, 9a and 9b, as may be necessary in the different windings to secure the required output voltages. Obviously, by making these turns around a' small portion of the core, -as already described, the effect of each ofv these auxiliary turns is comparatively slight`on the output voltage, so that a very refined adjustment thereof may be made. Also, instead of winding these auxiliary turns in a direction to be additive to the volta e of the main output winding, they may ge wound in the opposite direction so as to give a slightly reduced voltage, where such a compensation is required.

Fig. 2 illustrates another improved form of my regulator, or controller, wherem portions of the two inner legs are merged into one leg. This forked form of core results in a considerable reduction in the size and cost of the primary winding by reason of permitting it to be of a much smaller diameter than in the form shown in Fig. 1. It also is highly desirable in that it permits a large range of flexibility in location of the secondary windings in an economical manner and in changing the relative proportions of parts of the core to suit particular requirements. In Fig. 2, the two inner legs 11 and 11a .correspond to the portion of the legs la and 1b of Fig. l, but these portions are merged into a common leg or portion 11b, which in turn is joined to one of the end pieces of the core. As regards other portions of Fig. 3, they correspond with and are given reference characters like those of Fig. l, although only two output windings 6a and 6b are indicated in Fig. 3.

The particular form of the core and the relationship of the windings may obviously be modified as described in my said prior applications and various other modifications maybe made without departing from the scope of my invention.

l claim:

l. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a laminated core, an alternating current exciting winding on'said core, a second alternating current exciting wind-A ing on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a plurality of output windings on said core subjected to resultant magnetic efiects, said core having a portion thereof spaced from the remaining portion in a direction at right angles to the plane of the laminac of the core, and at least one auxiliary winding embracf a second alternating ing said spaced portion of the core only and in series with at least one of said output windin i Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a laminated core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core,

current exciting winding on another portion of said core'acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a plurality of output windings on said core subjected to resultant magnetic effects, said core having a portion thereof spaced from the remaining portion in a direction at right an les to the plane of the lamin of the core, and at least one auxiliary winding embracing said spaced portion of the core only and in series with at least one of said output windings, said portion of the core envelo ed by said second-named winding being be ow saturation.

3. Alternating current controlling a paratus comprising a laminated core, an a ternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current exciting Winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a plurality of output windings on said core subjected to resultant magnetic eii'ect's, said core having a portion thereof spaced from the remaining portion in a direction at right angles to the plane ofthe laminas of the core, and at least one auxiliary. Winding embracing .said spaced portion of the core only and in series with at least one of said output windings, said first-named Winding being in series with at least a portion of said second-named windi. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a laminated coi-e, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternatin ing on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core actingcumulatively with said first-named winding, a plurality of output windings on said core subjected to resultant magnetic effects, said core having a portion lthereof spaced from the remaining portion in a direction at right angles to the plane of the laminae of the core, and at least one auxiliary winding embracing said spaced portion of the core only and in series with a't least one of said output windings.

5. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a laminated core, an alternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting cumulatively with said first-named winding, a plurality of output windings on said core silbjected to resultant magnetic effects, said core current exciting windhaving a portion thereof spaced from the remainin portion in a direction at right an les to the p ane of the lamin of the core, an at least one auxiliary winding embracing said spaced portion of the core only and in series with at least one of said output windings, said portion of the core enveloped by said secondnamed winding being below saturation.

6. Alternating current controlling a paratus comprising laminated core, an a ternating current exciting winding on said core, a second alternating current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting in opposition to said first-named winding, a third alternatin current exciting winding on another portion of said core acting cumulatively with said first-named winding, a plurality of output windings on said core lsubJected to resultant magnetic effects, said core havin a portion thereof spaced from the remaining portion in a direction at right angles to the plane of the lamin of the core, and at least one auxiliary winding embracing said spaced portion of the core only andin series with at east one of said output windings, said firstnamed winding being in series with at least a portion of said second-named winding.

7. Electrical controlling apparatus comprising a laminated core, said core having a main portion and an auxiliar portion, said auxiliary portion being of re uced size compared to the main portion and'spaced from the main portion in a direction at right angles to the plane of the laminae of the core, input and output windings on said core, the turns of both said input and output windings embracing in single loops both the niain and auxiliary dportions of said core, and an auxiliary win ing embracing said auxiliary portion. only and in series vwith atleast one of "said windings..

8. Electrical controlling apparatus comprisinga laminated core, said core having a main portion and an auxiliary portion, said auxiliary portion being of reduced size compared to the main portion and spaced from the main portion in a direction at right an- .gles to the plane of the lamin of the core and extending parallel to the plane of the lamin of the core, input and output windings on said core, the turns of both said input and output windings embracing in single loops both the main and auxiliary portions of said core, and at least one auxiliary winding enveloping said spaced portion of the core only and in series with one of said first named windings.

9. Alternating current controlling apparatus comprising a laminated core, said core having a main portion and an auxiliary portion, said auxiliary portion being of reduced size compared to the main portion `and spaced from the main portion in a direction at right angles to the plane of the laminas of the core an extending parallel to tlie plane of the laminas of the core, a rima windin on said core, a plurality `o secon ary win gs on said core, the turns of each of said pr 1- ma and secondary windings embracing in sing e loops both the main and auxiliary portions of said core, and atleast one auxiliary winding embracing said spaced portion of the core only and 1n series with at least one ofsaid secondary windin s.

HAROUTIUN K. K UYOUMJIAN.

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